Chapter 1 Introduction

1.1 Research Background

1.2 Objectives of this Book

1.3 Significance of this Book

1.4 Organization

Chapter 2 Literature Review

2.1 Pawley＆Syder's Lexicalized Sentence Stem

2.2 Granger＆Paquot's Textual Stentence Stem

2.3 Textual Stentence Stem and Evaluation

2.3.1 The Multifunctionality of TSSs

2.3.2 Research on Evaluation in Academic Writing

2.3.2.1 Hedging

2.3.2.2 Metadiscourse

2.3.2.3 Model of Interaction in Academic Discourse

2.3.3 Evaluation from a Cross-cultural Perspective

2.4 Corpus-driven Studies of Phraseology

2.4.1 The Firthian Tradition

2.4.2 Lexis and Grammar

2.4.3 Idiom Principle

2.4.4 Extended Unit of Meaning

2.4.5 Pattern Grammar：a New Approach to the Lexical Grammar

2.4.6 Corpus-driven Study of Cross-linguistic Equivalence

2.5 Summary

Chapter 3 Methodological Considerations

3.1 Research Questions

3.2 Corpora Used in this Book

3.2.1 The English Comparable Corpus：JDEST

3.2.2 The Chinese Comparable Corpus：MCC

3.2.3 The Parallel Corpus：JDPC

3.3 Analytical Concepts and Procedures

3.3.1 Defining TSS,Pattern and Lexical Sequence

3.3.2 Searching for TSSs

3.3.2.1 Cluster and N-gram

3.3.2.2 Phrase Frame

3.3.3 Describing Evaluation

3.3.4 Looking for Translations

3.3.5 Identifying Equivalents

3.3.6 Other Terminological Issues

3.4 Summary

Chapter 4 Overall Frequency Distribution of TSSs

4.1 Overall Frequency Distribution of TSSs across Patterns

4.2 Content Subject Patterns

4.3 Dummy Subject Patterns

4.4 Stability and Variability of TSSs

4.5 Summary

Chapter 5 Functional Characteristics of TSSs

5.1 Functional Taxonomy of TSSs

5.2 Cognitive Acts

5.3 Research Acts

5.4 Inference Acts

5.5 Attitude Marking

5.6 Hedging

5.7 Directive Acts

5.8 Intertextual Acts

5.8.1 Averral and Attribution

5.8.2 Categories of Intertextual Acts

5.8.3 TSS of Agentative Integral Citation

5.8.3.1 Tense of Reporting Verbs and Evaluation

5.8.3.2 A Special Case：the Unspecified Author

5.8.3.3 Two Layers of Evaluation in Attribution

5.8.4 TSSs of Non-agentative Integral Citation

5.8.5 TSSs of Identifying Non-integral Citation

5.8.6 TSSs of Non-identifying Non-integral Citation

5.9 Intratextual Acts

5.10 Discussion：Strategic Balancing in Academic Writing

5.11 Summary

Chapter 6 Cross-linguistic Equivalence of TSSs in English and Chinese

6.1 Preliminaries

6.2 Content Subject TSSs and Chinese Equivalents

6.2.1 pro v that

6.2.2 pro modal v that

6.2.3 n v that

6.2.4 n v-link that

6.3 Dummy Subject TSSs and Chinese Equivalents

6.3.1 Sentence-medial Chinese Equivalents

6.3.2 Sentence-initial Chinese Equivalents

6.3.2.1 it v-link v-ed that

6.3.2.2 it v-link adj that

6.3.2.3 it v-link adj to v that and it modal be v-ed that

6.3.3 Sentence-final Chinese Equivalents

6.4 Translation Units and Equivalence

6.4.1 Equivalence of Lexical Sequences

6.4.2 Equivalence of Patterns

6.4.3 Equivalence of TSSs

6.4.4 Equivalence of Phrases around a Node Word

6.5 Contextualizing Description and Translation

6.5.1 Levels of Context and Co-selection

6.5.2 Identifying Functions and Equivalence in Context

6.6 Cross-linguistic Equivalence：Possible New Light

6.6.1 New Light on ESP Teaching and Learning

6.6.2 New Light on Contrastive Lexical Studies

6.6.3 New Light on Lexicon Construction

6.7 Summary

Chapter 7 Conclusion

7.1 Major Findings

7.2 Implications

7.3 Limitations

References

Index