Chapter 1 Introduction

1.1 Surveying

1.2 Types of surveys

1.3 Plane surveys and Geodetic surveys

1.4 How to carry out surveys

1.5 Characteristics of surveying

Chapter 2 Measurements and Errors

2.1 Errors

2.2 Characteristics of accidental errors

2.3 Arithmetic mean value

2.4 Accuracy and precision

2.5 Propagation of accidental errors

2.6 Significant figures

2.7 Field notes

2.8 Planning

Chapter 3 Levelling

3.1 Datums and heights

3.2 Levelling equipment

3.3 Differential levelling

3.4 Precision of levelling

3.5 Application of levelling

3.6 Errors in levelling

3.7 Adjustment of levels

3.8 Automatic or self-levelling level

3.9 Electronic digital level

Chapter 4 Angle Measurement

4.1 Theory of angle measurement

4.2 Theodolites

4.3 Measuring horizontal angles

4.4 Measuring vertical angles

4.5 Errors in measuring angles

4.6 Adjustment of theodolites

Chapter 5 Distance Measurement

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Ordinary taping

5.3 Precision taping

5.4 Stadia surveying

5.5 Electronic distance measurement

5.6 Total station instruments

Chapter 6 Coordinate and Direction

6.1 Geographic coordinate systems

6.2 Plane rectangular coordinates

6.3 Direction of a line

6.4 Azimuth

6.5 Bearing

6.6 Grid azimuth calculations

Chapter 7 Control Survey for Small Regions

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Traverse surveys

7.3 Traverse fieldworks

7.4 Traverse calculations

7.5 Other methods in horizontal control surveys

7.6 Vertical control surveys

Chapter 8 Detail Surveying and Mapping at Large Scale

8.1 Introduction of topographic map

8.2 Preparation before locating details

8.3 Surveying detail using theodolites

8.4 Surveying detail using total stations

8.5 The Completed survey map

Chapter 9 Setting Out

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Setting out distances,angles and elevations

9.3 Setting out by coordinates

9.4 Applying of setting out

Chapter 10 Route Surveying

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Center line survey

10.3 Setting out a circular curve

10.4 Setting out a transition curve

10.5 Setting out a curve by coordinate method

10.6 Setting out a vertical curves

10.7 Route section survey

10.8 Calculation of volumes

10.9 Route construction survey

Bibliography