Chapter 1 Introduction

1.1 Notion of Language

1.2 Design Features of Language

1.3 Notion of Linguistics

1.4 Differences Between Schools and Branches

1.4.1 Branches of Linguistics

1.4.2 Schools of Linguistics

1.5 Major Distinctions Between Language and Linguistics

Chapter 2 The Beginning of Modern Linguistics

2.1 A Brief Introduction to Saussure

2.2 The Source of Saussure's Thought

2.3 Saussure's Contributions to Linguistics

2.4 Saussure's Legacy

Chapter 3 Early European Functionalism

3.1 Background of the Prague School

3.2 Theories of Language of the Prague School

3.3 Functional Sentence Perspective

3.4 Information Structure and Sentence Structure

3.4.1 General Concept of Information Structure and Sentence Structure

3.4.2 Two Principles in the Information Structure and Sentence Structure

3.4.3 Manifestations of Information Structure

3.4.4 Summary

3.5 The Copenhagen School

3.5.1 Background of the Copenhagen School

3.5.2 Linguistic Theories About Language from the Copenhagen School

3.6 The London School

3.6.1 B.Malinowski

3.6.2 J.R.Firth

Chapter 4 Systemic-functional Linguistic Theory

4.1 A Brief Introduction to M.A.K.Halliday

4.2 Halliday's View on Language

4.2.1 Formation of Halliday's View on Language

4.2.2 Six Core Ideas of Systemic-functional Grammar

4.3 Systemic Grammar

4.3.1 Basic Concepts

4.3.2 Five Formulas of System Network

4.3.3 Realization of System

4.4 Functional Grammar

4.4.1 Ideational Function

4.4.2 Interpersonal Function

4.4.3 Textual Function

4.5 Halliday and Sociolinguistics

4.5.1 A Brief Introduction to Sociolinguistics

4.5.2 Halliday's Systemic-functional Linguistics and Sociolinguistics

Chapter 5 American Descriptive Linguistics and Structuralism

5.1 Beginning of American Linguistics

5.2 Boas'Linguistic Viewpoint and Contribution

5.3 Sapir and Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis

5.3.1 Edward Sapir

5.3.2 Benjamin Lee Whorf

5.3.3 Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis

5.4 Bloomfield's Theory

5.5 Harris'Linguistic Views

5.6 Hockett's Grammatical Description

5.7 Pike's Tagmemics

5.8 Summary

Chapter 6 Transformational Generative Grammar

6.1 A Brief Introduction to Noam Chomsky

6.2 Chomsky's Philosophy of Language

6.2.1 Overview

6.2.2 The Innateness Hypothesis

6.2.3 Universal Grammar and Particular Grammar

6.2.4 Generative Grammar

6.3 The Classical Theory

6.3.1 Finite State Grammar

6.3.2 Phrase Structure Grammar

6.3.3 Transformational Grammar

6.4 The Standard Theory

6.4.1 Deep Structure VS Surface Structure

6.4.2 The Base Component

6.4.3 The Lexicon

6.5 The Extended Standard Theory

6.5.1 X-bar Theory

6.5.2 α-movement

6.5.3 Logical Form

6.6 Government and Binding Theory

6.6.1 Universal Grammar and Core Grammar

6.6.2 Principle System

6.7 The Minimalist Program

6.8 Summary