Chapter 1 Methods in Injury Biomechanics

1.1 Statistics,field studies,databases

1.2 Injury criteria,injury scales and injury risk

1.3 Basic technical definitions and accident reconstruction

1.4 Experimental models

1.5 Standardized test procedures

1.6 Numerical methods

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Chapter 2 Head Injuries

2.1 Anatomy of the head

2.2 Injuries and injury mechanisms

2.3 Mechanical response of the head

2.4 Injury criteria for head injuries

2.4.1 Head Injury Criterion(HIC)

2.4.2 Head Protection Criterion(HPC)

2.4.3 3 ms criterion

2.5 Head injuries in sports

2.6 Head injury prevention

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Chapter 3 Development of a Finite Element Head Model for the Study of Impact Head Injury

3.1 Segmentation

3.2 Models description

3.3 Mesh development

3.4 Material properties

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Chapter 4 Validation of the New 3D Finite Element Head Model

4.1 Methods and materials

4.1.1 Interface conditions in the models

4.1.2 Nahum et al.'s experimental impacts

4.1.3 Trosseille et al.'s experimental impacts

4.1.4 Hardy et al.'s experimental impacts

4.2 Results and discussion

4.2.1 Impact force and intracranial acceleration response

4.2.2 The intracranial pressure(ICP)

4.2.3 The maximum von Mises stress in the brain

4.2.4 The maximum principal stress in the skull

4.2.5 Brain motion

4.2.6 Selected future improvement

4.3 Pedestrian accident reconstruction

4.3.1 Collision model development

4.3.2 Simulation result and analysis

4.4 Conclusions

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Chapter 5 Modal and Dynamic Responses of the Human Head-neck Complex for Impact Applications

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Modal analysis of the finite element model

5.2.1 Governing equation and finite element method

5.2.2 Development of the 3D finite element head-neck model(FEHM)

5.2.3 Validation of the 3D finite element head-neck model

5.2.4 Frequency spectrum of the human head-neck complex

5.3 Discussion

5.3.1 Comparison of fundamental frequency

5.3.2 Effect of damping on resonant frequencies and biomechanical responses

5.3.3 Comparison of mode shapes

5.3.4 Limitations

5.4 Summary

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Chapter 6 Biomechanical Study of the Facial Impact on Pedestrian Traumatic Brain Injury

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Materials and methods

6.2.1 Boundary,loading and contactconditions

6.2.2 Result evaluation

6.3 Results

6.3.1 Stress wave propagation and facial fractures

6.3.2 Intracranial biomechanical parameters

6.4 Discussion

6.5 Summary

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Chapter 7 Whiplash Injury

7.1 Anatomy of the spine

7.2 Injury mechanisms

7.3 Biomechanical response and tolerances

7.4 Injury criteria

7.5 Correlating neck injury criteria to the injury risk

7.6 Prevention of soft tissue neck injury

7.6.1 Head restraint geometry and padding material

7.6.2 Controlling head restraint position

7.6.3 Controlling seat back motion

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Chapter 8 Brain Dynamic Responses Due to Wave Propagation

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Methods and materials

8.2.1 Finite element method(FEM)

8.2.2 Material properties

8.2.3 Boundary conditions

8.2.4 Contact and fluid-structure interaction(FSI)

8.3 Results and discussion

8.3.1 Intracranial pressures(ICP)

8.3.2 Skull stress

8.3.3 Evaluation on different faceshield configuration

8.3.4 Discussion

8.4 Conclusions

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Chapter 9 Conclusions and Recommendations

9.1 Validation against three cadaveric experimental data

9.2 Modal and dynamic responses

9.3 Biomechanical study of the facial impact

9.4 Whiplash neck injury

9.5 Head injury due to concomitant wave

9.6 Recommendation for future work

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