CHAPTER1 Baslc Theorems and Postulates of Quantum Mechanics

1.0 Introduction

1.1 The Schr?dinger Wave Equation

1.2 The Time-Independent Schrōdinger Wave Equation

CHAPTER2 Soms Solutions of the Time-lndependent Schrōdinger E?u?tion

2.0 Introduction

2.1 Parlty

2.2 The Harmonic Oscillator

2.3 The Schrǒdinger Equation in Spherically Symmetric Potential Fields

2.4 The Angular Momentum Operators and Their Eigenfunctions

CHAPTER3 Matrix Formulation of Quantum Mechanics

3.0 Introduction

3.1 Some Basic Matrix Properties

3.2 Transformation of a Square Matrix

3.3 Matrix Diagonalization

3.4 Representations of Operators as Matrices

3.5 Transformation of Operator Representations

3.6 Deriving the Eigenfunctions and Eigenvalues of an Operator by the Matrix Method

3.7 The Heisenberg Equations of Motion

3.8 Matrix Elements of the Angular Momentum Operators

3.9 Spin Angular Momenta

3.10 Addition of Angular Momentum

3.11 Time-Independent Perturbation Theory

3.12 Time-Dependent Perturbation Theory-Relation to Line Broadening

3.13 Density Matrices-Introduction

3.14 The Density Matrix

3.15 The Ensemble Average

3.16 Time Evolution of the Density Matrix

3.17 The Time Evolution Operator-Feynman Diagrams

CHAPTER4 Lattice Vibratione and Their Quantization

4.0 Introduction

4.1 Motion of Homogeneous Line

4.2 Wave Motion of a Line of Similar Atoms

4.3 A Line with Two Different Atoms

4.4 Lattice Sums

4.5 Quantization of the Acoustic Branch of Lattice Vibrations

4.6 Average Thermal Excitation of Lattice Modes

CHAPTER5 Electromagnetic Fields and Their Quantization

5.0 Introduction

5.1 Power Transport,S?orage,and Dissipation in Electromagnetic Fields

5.2 Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves in Anisotropic Crystals

5.3 The Index Ellipsoid

5.4 Propagation in Uniaxial Crystals

5.5 Normal Mode Expansion of the Electromagnetic Field in a Resonator

5.6 The Quantization of the Radiation Field

5.7 Mode Density and Blackbody Radiation

5.8 The Coherent State

CHAPTER6 The P?opa?tion of Optical Beams in Homogeneous and L?e Media

6.0 Introduction

6.1 The Lens Waveguide

6.2 The Identical-Lens Waveguide

6.3 The Propagation of Rays Between Mirrors

6.4 Rays in Lenslike Media

6.5 The Wave Equ?tion in Quadratic Index Media

6.6 The Gaussian Beam in a Homogeneous Medium

6.7 The Fundamental Gaussian Beam in a Lenslike Medium-The ABCD Law

6.8 A Gaussian Beam in a Lens Waveguide

6.9 High-Order Gaussian Beam Modes in a Homogeneous Medium

6.10 High-Order Gaussian Beam Modes in Quadratic Index Media

6.11 Propagation in Media with a Quadratic Gain Profile

6.12 Elliptic Gaussian Beams

CHAPTER7 Optical Resonators

7.0 Introduction

7.1 Spherical Mirror Resonators

7.2 Mode Stability (Confinement)Criteria and the Self-Consistent Resonator Solutions

7.3 The Resonance Frequencies

7.4 Losses in Optical Resonators

7.5 Unstable Optical Resonators

CHAPTER8 Interaction of Radiation and Atomic Systems

8.0 Introduction

8.1 Density Matrix Derivation of the Atomic Susceptibility

8.2 The Significance of X(v)

8.3 Spontaneous and Induced Transitions

8.4 The Gain Coefficient

8.5 The Einstein Treatment of Induced and Spontaneous Transitions

8.6 Homogeneous and Inhomogeneous Broadening

8.7 Gain Saturation in Systems with Homogencous and Inhomogeneous Broadening

CHAPTER9 L?er O?cillation

9.0 Introduction

9.1 The Laser Oscillation Condition

9.2 Laser Oscillation--General Treatment

9.3 Power Output from Lasers

CHAPTER10 So? Specific Laser Systems

10.0 Introduction

10.1 Pumping and Laser Efficiency

10.2 The Ruby Laser

10.3 The Nd3+:YAG Laser

10.4 The Neodymium-Glass Laser

10.5 The He-Ne Laser

10.6 The Carbon Dioxide Laser

10.7 Organic-Dye Lasers

CHAPTER11 Semiconductor Diode Lasers

11.0 Introduction

11.1 Some Semiconductor Background

11.2 Optically Induced Band-to-Band Transitions in Semiconductors

11.3 Diode Lasers

11.4 GaInAsP Lasers

11.5 Some Real Lasers

11.6 Direct-Current Modulation of Semiconductor Lasers

CHAPTER12 Quantu? Well Lasers

12.0 Introduction

12.1 The Quantum Mechanics

12.2 Gain in Quantum Well Lasers

12.3 Some Numerical Considerations

CHAPTER13 The Free-Electron Laser

13.0 Introduction

13.1 The Kinematics of Free-Electron-Photon Interaction

13.2 Theory of Optical Gain in Free-Electron Lasers

13.3 The Pondermotive Potential

CHAPTER14 The Modulation of Optical Radiation

14.0 Introduction

14.1 The Electrooptic Effect

14.2 Electrooptic Retardation

14.3 Electrooptic Amplitude Modulation

14.4 Phase Modulation of Light

14.5 Transverse Electrooptic Modulators

14.6 High-Frequency Modulation Considerations

14.7 Eiectrooptic Beam Deflection

14.8 The Photoelastic Effect

14.9 Bragg Diffraction of Light by Acoustic Waves

14.10 Deflection of Light by Sound

14.11 Bragg Scattering in Naturally Birefringent Crystals

CHAPTER15 Coherent Interactions of a Radiation Fieid and An Atomic Sy?tem

15.0 Introduction

15.1 Vector Representation of the Interaction of a Radiation Field with a Two-Level Atomic System

15.2 Superradiance

15.3 Photon Echoes

15.4 Self-Induced Transparency

CHAPTER16 Introduction to Nonlinear Optics-Second-Harmonlc G?n?tion

16.0 Introduction

16.1 The Nonlinear Optical Susceptibility Tensor

16.2 The Nonlinear Field Hamiltonian

16.3 On the Physical Origins of the Nonllnear Optical Coefficlents

16.4 The Electrmagnetic Formulation of the Nonlinear Interaction

16.5 Optical Second-Harmonic Generation

16.6 Second-Harmonic Generation with a Depleted Input

16.7 Second-Harmonic Generation with Gaussian Beams

16.8 Internal Second-Harmonic Generation

CHAPTER17P Parametric Amplification,Oscillation,and Fluorescence

17.0 Introduction and Lumped Circuit Analog

17.1 The Basic Equations of Parametric Amplification

17.2 Parametric Oscillation

17.3 Power Output and Pump Saturation in Parametric Oscillators

17.4 Frequency Turning in Parametric Oscillation

17.5 Quantum Mechanical Treatment of Parametric Interactions

17.6 Frequency Up-Conversion

17.7 Spontaneous Parametric Fluoresceoce

17.8 Backward Parametric Amplification and Oscillation

17.9 Squeezed States of the Electromagnetic Field

CHAPTER18 Third-Order Optical Nonlinearities--Stimulated Raman and Brillouin Scattering

18.0 Introduction

18.1 The Nonlinear Constants

18.2 molecular Raman Scattering

18.3 Stimulated Molecular Raman Scattering

18.4 Electromagnetic Treatment of Stimulated Raman Scattering

18.5 Anti-Stokes Scattering

18.6 Stimulated Brillouin Scattering

18.7 A Classical Treatment of Brillouin Scattering

18.8 Self-Focusing of Optical Beams

CHAPTER19 P?-Conjugate-Optics and Photorefractive Beam Coupling

19.0 Introduction

19.1 Propagation Through a Distorting Medium

19.2 Image Transmission in Fibers

19.3 Theory of Phase Conjugation by Four-Wave Mixing

19.4 Optical Resonators with Phase-Conjugate Reflectors

19.5 The ABCD Formalism of Phase-Conjugate Optical Resonators

19.6 Some Practical Applications of Phase Conjugation

19.7 Optical Phase Conjuation by Stimulated Nonlinear Scattering

19.8 Beam Coupling and Phase Conjugation by the Photorefractive Effect

CHAPTER20 Q-Switching and Mode Locking of Lasers

20.0 Introduction

20.1 Q-Switching

20.2 Mode Locking in Inhomogeneously Broadened Laser Systems

20.3 Mode Locking in Homogeneously Broadened Laser Systems

20.4 Relaxation Oscillation in Lasers

20.5 Passive Mode Locking

CHAPTER21 Noise and Spectra of Laser Amplifiers and O?cillators

21.0 Introduction

21.1 Noise in Laser Amplifiers

21.2 Spontaneous Emission Noise in Laser Oscillators

21.3 Some Mathematical Background

21.4 The Laser Equations

21.5 The Laser Spectra

21.6 The Laser Spectra Experiments

21.7 The a Parameter

21.8 The Measurement of(Δv)laset

CHAPTER22 Guided Wave Optics-Propagation in Optical Fibers

22.0 Introduction

22.1 The Waveguide Modes

22.2 Mode Characteristics of the Planar Waveguide

22.3 Goupling Between Guided Modes

22.4 The Periodic Waveguide--Distributed Feedback Lasers

22.5 The Coupled-Mode Solutions

22.6 The Distributed Feedback Laser

22.7 Electrooptic Modulation and Mode Coupling in Dielectric Waveguides

22.8 Directional Coupling-Supermodes

22.9 The Eigenmodes of a Coupled Waveguide System( Supermodes )

22.10 Propagation in Optical Fibers

APPENDIX1 The Kramer?-Kronlg Relations

APPENDIX2 Solid Angle Associated with a Blackbody Mode

APPENDIX3 The Spontaneous Emission Lifetime for a Vibrational-Rotational Transition in a Linear Molecule

APPENDIX4 Quantum Mechanical Derivation of Nonlinear Optical Constants

APPENDIX5 The Interaction of An Electron and An Electromagnetic Field

APPENDIX6 The Derivation of the Spontaneous Emission Langevin Fluctuation“Power”

Index