Chapter 1.INTRODUCTION: PHYSICS AND MEASUREMENT

1.1 Standards of Length, Mass, and Time

1.2 Density and Atomic Mass

1.3 Dimensional Analysis

1.4 Conversion of Units

1.5 Order of Magnitude Calculations

1.6 Significant Figures

1.7 Mathematical Notation

1.8 Summary

Chapter 2.VECTORS

2.1 Coordinate Systems and Frames of Reference

2.2 Vectors and Scalars

2.3 Some Properties of Vectors

2.4 Components of a Vector and Unit Vectors

2.5 Force

2.6 Summary

Chapter 3.MOTION IN ONE DIMENSION

3.1 Average Velocity

3.2 Instantaneous Velocity

3.3 Acceleration

3.4 One-Dimensional Motion with Constant Acceleration

3.5 Freely Falling Bodies

3.6 Summary

Chapter 4.MOTION IN TWO DIMENSIONS

4.1 The Displacement, Velocity, and Acceleration Vectors

4.2 Motion in Two Dimensions with Constant Acceleration

4.3 Projectile Motion

4.4 Uniform Circular Motion

4.5 Tangential and Radial Acceleration in Curvilinear Motion

4.6 Relative Velocity and Relative Acceleration

4.7 Summary

Chapter 5.THE LAWS OF MOTION

5.1 Introduction to Classical Mechanics

5.2 The Concept of Force

5.3 Newton’s First Law and Inertial Frames

5.4 Inertial Mass

5.5 Newton’s Second Law

5.6 Weight

5.7 Newton’s Third Law

5.8 Some Applications of Newton’s Laws

5.9 Forces of Friction

5.10 Summary

Chapter 6.FORCES IN NATURE AND MORE APPLICATIONS OF NEWTON’S LAWS

6.1 Newton’s Universal Law of Gravitv

6.2 Measurement of the Gravitational Constant

6.3 Inertial and Gravitational Mass

6.4 Weight and Gravitational Force

6.5 Electrostatic Forces

6.6 Nuclear Forces

6.7 Newton’s Second Law Applied to Uniform Circular Motion

6.8 Nonuniform Circular Motion

6.9 Motion in Accelerated or Noninertial Frames

6.10 Motion in the Presence of Resistive Forces

6.11 Summary

Chapter 7.WORK AND ENERGY

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Work Done by a Constant Force

7.3 The Scalar Product of Two Vectors

7.4 Work Done by a Varying Force—One-Dimensional Case

7.5 Work and Kinetic Energy

7.6 Power

7.7 Energy and the Automobile

7.8 Summary

Chapter 8.POTENTIAL ENERGY AND CONSERVATION OF ENERGY

8.1 Conservative and Nonconservative Forces

8.2 Potential Energy

8.3 Conservation of Mechanical Energy

8.4 Gravitational Potential Energy Near the Earth’s Surface

8.5 Nonconservative Forces and the Work-Energy Theorem

8.6 Potential Energy Stored in a Spring

8.7 Relation Between Conservative Forces and Potential Energy

8.8 Energy Diagrams and Stability of Equilibrium

8.9 Mass-Energy

8.10 Conservation of Energy in General

8.11 Energy From the Tides

8.12 Summary

Chapter 9.LINEAR MOMENTUM AND COLLISIONS

9.1 Linear Momentum and Impulse

9.2 Conservation of Linear Momentum for a Two-Particle System

9.3 Collisions

9.4 Collisions in One Dimension

9.5 Two-Dimensional Collisions

9.6 The Center of Mass

9.7 Motion of a System of Particles

9.8 Rocket Propulsion

9.9 Summary

Chapter 10 ROTATION OF A RIGID BODY ABOUT A FIXED AXIS

10.1 Angular Velocity and Angular Acceleration

10.2 Rotational Kinematics： Rotational Motion with Constant Angular Acceleration

10.3 Relationships Between Angular and Linear Quantities

10.4 Rotational Kinetic Energy

10.5 Calculation of Moments of Inertia for Rigid Bodies

10.6 Torque

10.7 Relationship Between Torque and Angular Acceleration

10.8 Work and Energy in Rotational Motion

10.9 Summary

Chapter 11.ANGULAR MOMENTUM AND TORQUE AS VECTOR QUANTITIES

11.1 The Vector Product and Torque

11.2 Angular Momentum of a Particle

11.3 Angular Momentum and Torque for a System of Particles

11.4 Conservation of Angular Momentum

11.5 The Motion of Gyroscopes and Tops

11.6 Rolling Motion of a Rigid Body

11.7 Angular Momentum as a Fundamental Quantity

11.8 Summarv

Chapter 12.STATIC EQUILIBRIUM OF A RIGID BODY

12.1 The Conditions of Equilibrium of a Rigid Body

12.2 The Center of Gravity

12.3 Examples of Rigid Bodies in Static Equilibrium

12.4 Summary

Chapter 13.OSCILLATORY MOTION

13.1 Simple Harmonic Motion

13.2 Mass Attached to a Spring

13.3 Energy of the Simple Harmonic Oscillator

13.4 The Pendulum

13.5 Comparing Simple Harmonic Motion With Uniform Circular Motion

13.6 Damped Oscillations

13.7 Forced Oscillations

13.8 Summary

Chapter 14.THE LAW OF UNIVERSAL GRAVITATION

14.1 Kepler’s Laws

14.2 The Law of Universal Gravitation and the Motion of Planets

14.3 The Gravitational Field

14.4 Gravitational Potential Energy

14.5 Energy Considerations in Planetary and Satellite Motion

14.6 The Gravitational Force Between an Extended Body and a Particle

14.7 Gravitational Force Between a Particle and a Spherical Mass

14.8 Derivation of the Gravitational Effect of a Spherical Mass Distribution

14.9 Summary

Chapter 15.MECHANICS OF SOLIDS AND FLUIDS

15.1 States of Matter

15.2 Elastic Properties of Solids

15.3 Density and Pressure

15.4 Variations of Pressure with Depth

15.5 Pressure Measurements

15.6 Buoyant Forces and Archimedes’ Principle

15.7 Fluid Dynamics and Bernoulli’s Equation

15.8 Other Applications of Bernoulli’s Equation

15.9 Energy from the Wind

15.10 Summary

Chapter 16.TEMPERATURE, THERMAL EXPANSION AND IDEAL GASES

16.1 Temperature and the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics

16.2 Thermometers and Temperature Scales

16.3 The Constant-Volume Gas Thermometer and the Kelvin Scale

16.4 The Celsius, Fahrenheit, and Rankine Temperature Scales

16.5 Thermal Expansion of Solids and Liquids

16.6 Macroscopic Description of an Ideal Gas

16.7 Summary

Chapter 17.HEAT AND THE FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS

17.1 Heat and Thermal Energy

17.2 Heat Capacity and Specific Heat

17.3 Latent Heat

17.4 Heat Transfer

17.5 The Mechanical Equivalent of Heat

17.6 Work and Heat in Thermodynamic Processes

17.7 The First Law of Thermodynamics

17.8 Some Applications of the First Law of Thermodynamics

17.9 Summary

Chapter 18.THE KINETIC THEORY OF GASES

18.1 Molecular Model for the Pressure of an Ideal Gas

18.2 Molecular Interpretation of Temperature

18.3 Heat Capacity of an Ideal Gas

18.4 Adiabatic Process for an Ideal Gas

18.5 The Equipartition of Energy

18.6 Distribution of Molecular Speeds

18.7 Mean Free Path

18.8 Van der Waals’ Equation of State

18.9 Summary

Chapter 19.HEAT ENGINES, ENTROPY, AND THE SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS

19.1 Heat Engines and the Second Law of Thermodynamics

19.2 Reversible and Irreversible Processes

19.3 The Carnot Engine

19.4 The Absolute Temperature Scale

19.5 The Gasoline Engine

19.6 Degradation of Energy

19.7 Entropy

19.8 Entropy Changes in Irreversible Processes

19.9 Energy Conversion and Thermal Pollution

19.10 Summary

Chapter 20.ELECTRIC FIELDS

20.1 Introduction

20.2 Properties of Electric Charges

20.3 Insulators and Conductors

20.4 Coulomb’s Law

20.5 The Electric Field

20.6 Electric Field of a Continuous Charge Distribution

20.7 Electric Field Lines

20.8 Motion of Charged Particles in a Uniform Electric Field

20.9 The Oscilloscope

20.10 Summary

Chapter 21.GAUSS’ LAW

21.1 Electric Flux

21.2 Gauss’ Law

21.3 Application of Gauss’ Law to Charged Insulators

21.4 Conductors in Electrostatic Equilibrium

21.5 Experimental Proof of Gauss’ Law and Coulomb’s Law

21.6 Derivation of Gauss’ Law

21.7 Summary

Chapter 22.ELECTRIC POTENTIAL

22.1 Potential.Difference and Electric Potential

22.2 Potential Differences in a Uniform Electric Field

22.3 Electric Potential and Potential Energy Due to Point Charges

22.4 Electric Potential Due to Continuous Chargc Distributions

22.5 Obtaining E From the Electric Potential

22.6 Potential of a Charged Conductor

22.7 Applications of Electrostatics

22.8 Summary

Chapter 23.CAPACITANCE AND DIELECTRICS

23.1 Definition of Capacitance

23.2 Calculation of Capacitance

23.3 Combinations of Capacitors

23.4 Energy Stored in a Charged Capacitor

23.5 Capacitors with Dielectrics

23.6 Electric Dipole in an External Electric Field

23.7 An Atomic Description of Dielectrics

23.8 Summary

Chapter 24.CURRENT AND RESISTANCE

24.1 Electric Current and Current Density

24.2 Resistance and Ohm’s Law

24.3 The Resistivity of Different Conductors

24.4 Electrical Energy and Power

24.5 A Model for Electrical Conduction

24.6 Conduction in Semiconductors and Insulators

24.7 Semiconductor Devices

24.8 Summary

Chapter 25.DIRECT CURRENT CIRCUITS

25.1 Electromotive Force

25.2 Resistors in Series and in Parallel

25.3 Kirchhoff’s Rules

25.4 RC Circuits

25.5 Measurements of Resistance

25.6 The Potentiometer

25.7 Household Wiring and Electrical Safety

25.8 Summary

Chapter 26.MAGNETIC FIELDS

261 Introduction

26.2 Definition and Properties of the Magnetic Field

26.3 Magnetic Force on a Current-Carrying Conductor

26.4 Torque on a Current Loop in a Uniform Magnetic Field

26.5 Mofion of a Charged Particle in a Magnetic Field

26.6 Applications of the Motion of Charged Particles in a Magnetic Field

26.7 The Hall Effect

26.8 Summary

Chapter 27.SOURCES OF THE MAGNETIC FIELD

27.1 The Biot-Savart Law

27.2 The Magnetic Force Between Two Parallel Conductors

27.3 Ampere’s Law

27.4 The Magnetic Field of a Solenoid

27.5 Magnetic Flux

27.6 Gauss’ Law in Magnetism

27.7 The Magnetic Field Along the Axis of a Solenoid

27.8 Displacement Current and the Generalized Amperes Law

27.9 Summary

Chapter 28.FARADAY’S LAW

28.1 Faraday’s Law of Induction

28.2 Motional emf

28.3 Lenz’s Law

28.4 Induced emfs and Electric Fields

28.5 Generators and Motors

28.6 Eddy Currents

28.7 Maxwell’s Wonderful Equations

28.8 Summary

Chapter 29.INDUCTANCE

29.1 Self-Inductance

29.2 RL Circuits

29.3 Energy in a Magnetic Field

29.4 Mutual Inductance

29.5 Oscillation in an LC Circuit

29.6 The RLC Circuit

29.7 Summary

Chapte- 30.MAGNETISM IN MATTER

30.1 The Magnetization of a Substance

30.2 The Magnetic Moment of Atoms

30.3 Paramagnetism

30.4 Diamagnetism

30.5 Ferromagnetism

30.6 Summary

Chapter 31.ALTERNATING CURRENT CIRCUITS

31.1 Resistors in an ac Circuit

31.2 Inductors in an ac Circuit

31.3 Capacitors in an ac Circuit

31.4 The RLC Series Circuit

31.5 Power in an ac Circuit

31.6 Resonance in a Series RLC Circuit

31.7 Filter Circuits

31.8 The Transformer and Power Transmission

31.9 Summary

Chapter 32.WAVE MOTION

32.1 Introduction

32.2 Types of Waves

32.3 One-Dimensional Traveling Waves

32.4 Superposition and Interference of Waves

32.5 The Velocity of Waves on Strings

32.6 Reflection and Transmission of Waves

32.7 Harmonic Waves

32.8 Energy Transmitted by Harmonic Waves on Strings

32.9 The Linear Wave Equation

32.10 Summary

Chapter 33.SOUND WAVES

33.1 Velocity of Sound Waves

33.2 Harmonic Sound Waves

33.3 Energy and Intensity of Harmonic Sound Waves

33.4 Spherical and Planar Waves

33.5 The Doppler Effect

33.6 Summary

Chapter 34.SUPERPOSITION AND STANDING WAVES

34.1 Superposition and Interference of Harmonic Waves

34.2 Standing Waves

34.3 Standing Waves in a String Fixed at Both Ends

34.4 Resonance

34.5 Standing Waves in Air Columns

34.6 Standing Waves in Rods and Plates

34.7 Beats: Interference in Time

34.8 Complex Waves

34.9 Summary

Chapter 35.ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES

35.1 Maxwell’s Equations and Hertz’s Discoveries

35.2 Plane Electromagnetic Waves

35.3 Energy and Momentum of Electromagnetic Waves

35.4 Radiation from an Infinite Current Sheet

35.5 The Production of Electromagnetic Waves by an Antenna

35.6 The Specttum of Electromagnetic Waves

35.7 Summary

Chapter 36.THE NATURE OF LIGHT AND THE LAWS OF GEOMETRIC OPTICS

36.1 The Nature of Light

36.2 Measurements of the Speed of Light

36.3 Huygens’ Principle

36.4 The Ray Approximation in Geometric Optics

36.5 The Laws of Reflection and Refraction at Planar Surfaces

36.6 The Index of Refraction

36.7 Dispersion and Prisms

36.8 Huygens’ Principle Applied to Reflection and Refraction

36.9 Total Internal Reflection

36.10 Light Intensity

36.11 Fermat’s Principle

36.12 Summary

Chapter 37.GEOMETRIC OPTICS

37.1 Images Formed by Planar Mirrors

37.2 Images Formed by Spherical Mirrors

37.3 Ray Diagrams for Mirrors

37.4 Images Formed by Refraction

37.5 Thin Lenses

37.6 Lens Aberrations

37.7 The Camera

37.8 The Eye

37.9 The Simple Magnifier

37.10 The Compound Microscope and the Telescope

37.11 Summary

Chapter 38.INTERFERENCE OF LIGHT WAVES

38.1 Conditions for Interference

38.2 Young’s Double-Slit Experiment

38.3 Intensity Distribution of the Double-Slit Interference Pattern

38.4 Phasor Addition of Waves

38.5 Change of Phase Due to Reflection

38.6 Interference in Thin Films

38.7 The Michelson Interferometer

38.8 Summary

Chapter 39.DIFFRACTION AND POLARIZATION

39.1 Introduction to Diffraction

39.2 Fraunhofer Diffraction of a Single Slit

39.3 Resolution of a Single Slit and Circular Apertures

39.4 The Diffraction Grating

39.5 Diffraction of X-rays by Crystals

39.6 Polarization of Light Waves

39.7 Summary

Chapter 40.SPECIAL THEORY OF RELATIVITY

40.1 Introduction

40.2 The Principle of Relativity

40.3 Evidence that Galilean Transformations are Incorrect

40.4 Einstein’s Postulates

40.5 The Lorentz Transformation

40.6 Consequences of the Lorentz Transformation

40.7 Simultaneity and the Relativity of Time

40.8 Relativistic Momentum

40.9 Relativistic Energy

40.10 Confirmations and Consequences of Relativity Theory

40.11 Summary

Chapter 41.QUANTUM PHYSICS

41.1 Blackbody Radiation and Planck’s Hypothesis

41.2 The Photoelectric Effect

41.3 The Compton Effect

41.4 Atomic Spectra

41.5 The Bohr Theory of Hydrogen

41.6 Photons and Electromagnetic Waves

41.7 The Wave Properties of Particles

41.8 The Wave Function

41.9 The Uncertainty Principle

41.10 Lasers and Atomic Transitions

41.11 Summary

Chapter 42.WAVE MECHANICS

42.1 Introduction to Wave Mechanics

42.2 The Wave Nature of Electrons

42.3 A Particle in a Box

42.4 The Schrodinger Equation

42.5 Other Applications of the Schrodinger Equation

42.6 The Particle in a Three-Dimensional Box

42.7 Summary

Chapter 43.ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS

43.1 The Hydrogen Atom

43.2 The Wave Functions for Hydrogen

43.3 The Quantum Numbers

43.4 The Normal Zeeman Effect

43.5 Electron Spin

43.6 Total Angular Momentum

43.7 The Exclusion Principle and the Periodic Table

43.8 The Spectra of Atoms

43.9 The Energy and Spectra of Molecules

43.10 Summary

Chapter 44.NUCLEAR STRUCTURE

44.1 Some Properties of Nuclei

44.2 Binding Energy and Nuclear Forces

44.3 Nuclear Models

44.4 Radioactivity

44.5 The Decay Processes

44.6 Nuclear Reactions

44.7 Summary

Chapter 45.NUCLEAR ENERGY AND NUCLEAR INTERACTIONS WITH MATTER

45.1 Collisions

45.2 Interactions Involving Neutrons

45.3 Nuclear Fission

45.4 Nuclear Reactors

45.5 Nuclear Fusion

45.6 The Interaction of Particles with Matter

45.7 Radiation Damage in Matter

45.8 Radiation Detectors

45.9 Summary