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《European Culture:An Introduction》_王佐良等主编_40075041_

【书名】:《European Culture:An Introduction》
【作者】:王佐良等主编
【出版社】:外语教学与研究出版社
【时间】:1992年02月第1版
【页数】:523
【ISBN】:
【SS码】:40075041

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内容简介

Introduction

1. Uses of the Subject

2. Two Major Elements in European Culture

DIVISION ONEGREEK CULTURE AND ROMAN CULTURE

Ⅰ. Greek Culture

1. The Historical Context

2. Social and Political Structure

3. Homer

4. Lyric Poetry

5. Drama

a. Aeschylus (525—456 B.C.)

b. Sophocles (496—406 B.C.)

c. Euripides (484—406 B.C.)

d. Comedy

6. History

a. Herodotus (484—430 B.C.)

b. Thucydides (about 460—404 B.C.)

7. Philosophy and Science

a. Socrates

b. Plato

c. Aristotle

d. Contending Schools of Thought

e. Science

8. Art, Architecture, Sculpture and Pottery

a. Art

b. Architecture

c. Sculpture

i. Discus Thrower

ii. Venus de Milo

iii. Laocoon group about 125 B. C

d. Pottery

9. Impact

a. Spirit of Innovation

b. Supreme Achievement

c. Lasting Effect

Question for Revision

Ⅱ.Roman Culture

1..Romans and Greeks

2. Roman History

3. Latin Literature

a. Prose

i. Marcus Tullius Cicero (106—43 B.C.)

ii. Julius Caesar (102/100?—44 B.C.)

b. Poetry

i. Lucretius (about 93—50 B.C.)

ii. Virgil (70—19 B.C.)

4. Architecture, Painting and Sculpture

a. Architecture

i. The Pantheon

ii. Pont du Gard

iii. The Colosseum

b. Painting

c. Sculpture

i. Constantine the Great

ii. Spoils from the Temple in Jerusalem (81 A. D. )

iii. She-wolf

Questions for Revision

DIVISION TWOTHE BIBLE AND CHRISTIANITY

Ⅰ. General Introduction

Ⅱ. The Old Testament

1.The Pentateuch

a. The Fall of Man

b. Noah's Ark

c. Ten Commandments

2. The Historical Books

3. The Poetical Books

a. Book of Job

b. Book of Psalms

c. Proverb

d.Ecclesiastes

e.Song of Solomon

4.The Prophets

a.Amos

b.Jeremiah (about 650—570 B.C. )

c.The Book of Daniel

Ⅲ.Rise of Christianity

1.The Life of Jesus

2.The Spread of Christianity

Ⅳ.The New Testament

1.The Birth of Jesus

2.Jesus Is Tempted by the Devil

3.The Sermon on the Mount

4.The Last Supper

5.The Crucifixion

Ⅴ.Translations of the Bible

Questions for Revision

DIVISION THREETHE MIDDLE AGES

Ⅰ.General Introduction

Ⅱ.Manor and Church

1.Feudalism

a.Growth of Feudalism

b.The Manor

c.Knighthood and Code of Chivalry

2.The Church

a.The Organization of Church

b.Church Fathers and Early Monasticism

c.The Power and Influence of the Catholic Church

3.The Crusades

Ⅲ.Learning and Science

1.Charlemagne and Carolingian Renaissance

2.Alfred the Great and Wessex Centre of Learning

3.St.Thomas Aquinas and Scholasticism

4.Roger Bacon and Experimental Science

Ⅳ.Literature

1.National Epics

a.Beowulf (700—750 A. D. )

b.Song of Roland (about the 12th century A. D. )

2.Dante Alighieri and The Diuine Comedy

3.Geoffrey Chaucer and The Canterbury Tales

Ⅴ.Art and Architecture

1.Romanesque

2.Gothic

Questions for Revision

DIVISION FOURRENAISSANCE AND REFORMATION

Ⅰ.General Introduction

Ⅱ.Renaissance in Italy

1.Historical Background

2.The Rise of Humanism

3.New Literature

a.Giovanni Boccaccio (1313—1375)

b.Francesco Petrarch (1304—1374)

4.Renaissance Art

a.Early Renaissance Artists

i.Giotto (about 1266—1337)

ii.Filippo Brunelleschi (1377—1446)

iii.Donatello (1386—1466)

iv.Giorgione (Giorio de Castelfranco,about 1477—1510)

b.High Renaissance Artists

i.Leonardo da Vinci (1452—1519)

ii.Michelangelo Buonarroti

iii.Raphael (Raffaello Sancio, 1483—1520)

iv.Titian (about 1488—1576)

5.Decline of the Italian Renaissance

Ⅲ.Reformation and Counter-Reformation

1.Pre-Luther Religious Reformers

a.John Wycliffe (about 1330—1384)

b.Jan Hus (1372—1415)

2.Martin Luther (1483—1546) and His Doctrines

a.Beginning of the Reformation

b.Translation of the Bible

c.Gospel of Love and Idea of Equality

3.John Calvin (1509—1564) and Calvinism

4.Reformation in England

5.Counter-Reformation

a.Council of Trent

b.Ignatius and the Jesuits

6.Protestantism and the Rise of Capitalism

7.Conclusion

Ⅳ.Renaissance in Other Countries

1.Renaissance in France

a.Historical Background

b.Renaissance Writers in France

i.Francois Rabelais (about 1483—1553)

ii.Pleiade

iii.Michel Eyques de Montaigne (1533—1592)

2.Renaissance in Spain

a.Historical Background

b.Literature

Miguel de Cervantes (1547—1616)

c.Art

El Greco (1541—1614)

3.Renaissance in the North

a.Renaissance in the NetherlandsErasmus (about 1466?—1536)

b.Renaissance in FlandersPieter Bruegel (the Elder) (about 1525—1569)

c.Renaissance in Germany

i.Albrecht Durer (1471—1528)

ii.Hans Holbein (the Younger)

4.Renaissance in England

a.Historical Background

b.Thomas More (1477—1535)

c.William Shakespeare (1564—1616)

Ⅴ.Science and Technology during the Renaissance

1.Geographical Discoveries

a.Christopher Columbus (1451—1506)

b.Bartholomeu Dias (1466?—1500)

c.Vasco da Gama (about 1460—1524)

d.Amerigo Vespucci (1457—1512)

2.Astronomy

Nicolaus Copernicus (1473—1543)

3.Anatomy

a.Leonardo da Vinci (1452—1519)

b.Andreas Vesalius ( 1514—1564)

4.Printing

Aldus Manutius (1450—1515)

5.Political Science and Historiography

a.Dante (1265—1321 )

b.Niccol6 Machiavelli (1469—1527)

c.Giorgio Vosari (1511—1574)

Ⅵ.Summing-up

Questions for Revision

DIVISION FIVETHE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY

Ⅰ.General Introduction

Ⅱ.Science

1. From Copernicus to Kepler

2.Galileo Galilei (1564—1642)

3.Sir Isaac Newton (1642—1727)

4.Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz (1646—1716)

5.Invention of New Instruments

6.Two Merits Shared by the Great Scientistsof the 17th Century

Ⅲ.Philosophy, Politics and Literature in England

1.Francis Bacon (1561—1626)

2.Thomas Hobbes (1588—1679)

a.Hobbes's Materialist Views

b.The Natural State of War

c.The Laws of Nature

d.The Theory of the Social Contract

3.John Locke (1632—1704)

a.Locke's Materialist Views

b.Locke's Political Philosophy

c.The Social Contract

4.John Milton and the English Revolution

Ⅳ.Descartes; French Classicism

1.Rene Descartes (1596—1650)

a.The Method of Cartesian Doubt

b.Descartes's Theory of Knowledge

c.Innate Ideas

d.Descartes's Dualism

2.French Classicism

a.Pierre Corneille (1606—1684)

b.Jean Racine (1637—1699)

c.Moliere (1622—1673)

Ⅴ.Art

1. Baroque Art

a.Giovanni Lorenzo Bernini (1598—1680)

b.Michelangelo Caravaggio (1573—1610)

c.Francesco Borromini (1599—1667)

d.Peter Paul Rubens (1577—1640)

e.Diego Velazquez (1599—1660)

2.Dutch Protestant Art

Van Rijn Rembrandt (1606—1669)

3.Art and Architecture in France

4.Music

Questions for Revision

DIVISION SIXTHE AGE OF ENLIGHTENMENT

Ⅰ.General Introduction

1.Enlightenment

2.Historical Context

Ⅱ.French Philosophy and Literature

1.Baron de la Brede et de Montesquieu (1689—1755)

a.Persian Letters (1721)

b.The Spirit of the Laws (1748)

2.Voltaire (pseudonym of Jean Franicois Arouet,1694—1778)

a.Lettres Anglaise (also circulated as LettresPhilosophiques) (1739)

b.Candide (1758)

3.Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712—1778)

a.The Origin of Human Inequality (1755)

b.The New Heloise (1761)

c.Emile, or On Education (1762)

d.The Social Contract (1762)

e.The Confessions (1764—1770)

4.Denis Diderot (1713—1784)

a.Philosophical Thoughts (1746)

b.Letters on the Blind (1749)

c.Encyclopedie (1751)

d.Elements of Physiology (1774—1780)

e.Rameau's Nephew (1761—1774)

Ⅲ.English Literature

1.Alexander Pope (1688—1744)

a.Essay on Criticism (1711)

b.The Rape of the Lock (1712—1714)

c.Dunciad (1728)

d.Essay on Man (1733—1734)

2.Daniel Defoe (1660—1731)

3.Jonathan Swift (1667—1745)

a.A Modest Proposal

b.Gulliuer's Trauels ( Trauels into Seueral RemoteNations of the Worldby Lemuel Gulliuer) (1726)

4.Samuel Richardson (1689—1761)

5.Henry Fielding (1707—1754)

6.Samuel Johnson (1709—1784)

7.Journalism and the Periodical Essay

Ⅳ.German Literature and Philosophy

1.Gotthold Ephraim Lessing (1729—1781)

a.Minna uon Barnhelm (1767)

b.Nathan the Wise (1779)

c.Laocoon (1766)

d.Hamburgische Dramaturgie

2.Wolfgang von Goethe (1749—1832)

a.The Sorrows of Young Werther (1774)

b.Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship (1795—1796)

c.Wilhelm Meister's Trauels (1821—1829)

d.Faust (part I , 1808; part 1 , 1832)

e.Poetry and Truth (1811—1831)

3.Johann Christoph Friedrich von Schiller (1759—1805)

a.The Robber (1781)

b.Cabal and Loue (1784)

c.Wallenstein (1798 and 1799)

d.Wilhelm Tell (1804)

4.Immanuel Kant (1724—1804)

a.General History of.Nature and Theoryof the Heauens (1755)

b.Critique of Pure Reason

c.Critique of Practical Reason

d.Critique of Judgment

Ⅴ.Art

1.Rococo Art

2.Typical Works and Major Artists

a.Salon de la Princesse, IHI6tel de Soubise

b.Rococo Painters

i.Antoine Watteau (1684—1721)

ii.Francois Boucher (1703—1770)

Ⅵ. Music

1.The Musical Enlightenment

a.Johann Sebastian Bach (1685—1750)

b.George Friderick Handel (1685—1759)

2.The Classical Period

a.Joseph Haydn (1732—1809)

b.Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756—1791)

Questions for Revision

DIVISION SEVENROMANTICISM

Ⅰ.General Introduction

1.What is Romanticism?

2.Two Revolutions

Ⅱ.Romanticism in Germany

1.Goethe (1749—1832) and Schiller (1759—1805)

2.Schlegel Brothers (the Jena School)

3.Heinrich Heine (1797—1856)

Ⅲ.Romanticism in England

1.William Blake (1757-1827)

2.The Lakers - Wordsworth and Coleridge

3.George Gordon Byron (1788-1824)

4.Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792-1822)

5.John Keats (1795-1821)

6.Walter Scott ( 1771-1832)

Ⅳ.Romanticism in France

1.Chateaubriand (1768-1848)

2.Victor Hugo (1802-1885)

3.George Sand (1804-1876)

Ⅴ.Romanticism in Italy

1.Alessandro Manzoni (1785-1873)

2.Giacomo Leopardi (1798-1837)

Ⅵ.Romanticism in Russia

1.Aleksander Pushkin (1799-1837)

2.Mikhail Y. Lermontov (1814-1841)

Ⅶ.Romanticism in Poland

Adam Mickiewicz (1798-1855)

Ⅶ.Concluding Remarks - A True Movement

Ⅸ.Art and Architecture

1.Paintings

a.Goya (1746-1828)

b.David (1748—1825)

c.Delacroix (1798—1863)

d.Gericault (1791—1824)

e.Turner (1775—1851)

f.John Constable (1776—1837)

2.Architecture

Ⅹ.Music

1.The Early Romantics

a.Ludwig van Beethoven (1770—1827)

b.Franz Schubert (1797—1828)

c.Frederic Chopin (1810—1849)

d.Robert Schumann (1810—1856)

e.Felix Mendelssohn (1809—1847)

2 The Later Romantics — Middle of the 19th Century

a Johannes Brahms (1833—1897)

b Peter Ilitch Tchaikovsky (1840—1893)

DIVISION EIGHTMARXISM AND DARWINISM

Ⅰ The Rise of Marxism

1 General Introduction

2 Historical Background

3 The Three Sources and Three Component Parts ofMarxism

a German Classical Philosophy and Marxist Philosophy

i Hegelian dialectics

ii Feuerbach's matealism

iii Marxist philosophy

iv Marxist historical materialism

b English Classical Political Economy andMarxist Political Economy

c Utopian Socialism and Scientific Socialism

i Robert Owen (1771—1858)

ii Henri de Saint-Simon (1760—1825)

iii Charles Fourier (1772—1837)

4 Marx and Literature

5.Summing-up

Ⅱ.Darwinism

1.General Introduction

2.Ideas of Evolution Before Darwin

a.Jean-Baptiste de Monet Lamarck (1744—1829)

b.Sir Charles Lyell (1797—1875)

c.Karl Marx (1818—1883)

3.Life of Charles Darwin (1809—1882)

4.Darwin's Works and Theories

a.On the Origin of Species by Means of NaturalSelection , or the Preseruation of Fauoured Races in the Struggle for Life

b.The Descent of Man

5.Effects of Darwinism

a.On Biology

b.On Theology

c.On Social Science

DIVISION NINEREALISM

Ⅰ. General Introductiono

1.What Is Realism?

2.The Historical Background

Ⅱ Realism in France

1.Stendhal (pen name of Marie Henri Beyle, 1783—1842)

2.Honore de Balzac (1799—1850)

3.Gustave Flaubert (1821—1880)

4.Emile Zola (1840—1902)

5.Guy de Maupassant (1850—1893)

Ⅲ Realism in Russia

1.Nikolai Gogol (1809—1852)

2.Ivan Sergeyevich Turgenev (1818—1883)

3.FyodorDostoyevsky (1821—1881)

4.Count Leo Tolstoy (1828—1910)

5.Anton Pavlovi ch Chekhov (1860—1904)

Ⅳ.Realism in Northern Europe

1.Henrik Ibsen (1828—1906)

2.August Strindberg (1849—1912)

Ⅴ.Realism in England

1.Charles Dickens (1812—1870)

2.George Eliot (pen name of Mary Ann Evans,1819—1880)

3.William Makepeace Thackeray (1811—1863)

4.Thomas Hardy (1840—1928)

5.George Bernard Shaw (1856—1950)

Ⅵ.Realism in the United States

1.Harriet Beecher Stowe (1811—1896)

2.Walt Whitman (1819—1892)

3.Mark Twain (pen name of Samuel Langhorne Clemens,1835—1910)

4.Henry James (1843—1916)

Ⅵ.Art

1. Realism in Art

a.Gustave Courbet (1819—1877)

b.Jean-Francois Millet (1814—1875)

2.Impressionism in Art

a.Edouard Manet (1832—1883)

b.Claude Monet (1840—1926)

c.Camille Pissarro (1830—1903)

d.Pierre Auguste Renoir (1841—1919)

e.Hilaire Germain Edgar Degas (1834—1917)

3.Post-Impressionism

a.Paul Cezanne (1839—1906)

b.Vincent van Gogh (1853—1890)

c.Paul Gauguin (1848—1903)

4.Sculpture

5.Architecture

Ⅶ.Music at the Turn of the Centu

1.Antonin Dvofak (1841—1904)

2.Claude Debussy (1862—1918)

Questions for Revision

DIVISION TENMODERNISM AND OTHER TRENDS

Ⅰ.General Introduction

1.Modernism Defined

2.Historical Context

3.Progress in Science

4.New Ideas and Thoughts

a.The Unconscious

b.Id, Ego, Superego

c.Oedipus Complex

Ⅱ. Contemporary Western Literature Before 1945

1. English Literature451a. T. S. Eliot ( 1888—1965)

b.Joseph Conrad (1857—1924)

c.Virginia Woolf (1882—1941)

d.David Herbert Lawrence (1885—1930)

2.Irish Literature

a.William Butler Yeats (1865—1939)

b.James Joyce (1882—1941)

3.American Literature

a.Ezra Pound (1885—1972)

b.William Faulkner (1897—1962)

c.Ernest Hemingway (1899—1961)

4.German Literature

Thomas Mann (1875—1955)

5.French Literature

a.Andre Gide (1869—1951)

b.Marcel Proust (1871—1922)

c.Albert Camus (1913—1960)

6.Russian and Soviet Literature

a.Maksim Gorky (1868—1936)

b.Mikhail Aleksandrovich Sholokhov (1905—1984)

Ⅲ.Literature and Philosophy Since 1945

1.Angry Young Men in England

a.Kingsley Amis (1922—1995)

b.John Osborne (1929—1994)

2.Beat Generation in America

a.Allen Ginsberg (1926—1997)

b.Jack Kerouac (1922—1969)

3.Nouveau Roman (New Novel)

a.Alain Robbe-Grillet (1922— )

b.Nathalie Sarraute (1902— )

4.Existentialism

Jean-Paul Sartre (1905—1980)

5.The Theatre of the Absurd

a.Samuel Beckett (1906—1989)

b.Eugene lonesco (1912—1994)

6.Black Humour

Joseph Heller (1923—1999)

Ⅳ.Art and Music

1.Art

a.Fauvism

i.Henri Matisse (1869—1954)

ii.Andre Derain (1880—1954)

b.Expressionism

i.Emil Nolde (1867—1956)

ii.George Grosz (1893—1959)

iii.Max Beckmann (1884—1950)

iv.Paul Klee (1879—1940)

v.Wassily Kandinsky (1866—1944)

c.Cubism

i.Pablo Picasso (1881—1973)

ii.Georges Braque (1882—1963)

d.Futurism

Umberto Boccioni (1882—1916)

e.Dadaism

i.Marcel Duchamp (1887—1968)

ii.Max Ernst (1891—1976)

f.Surrealism

i.Salvador Dali (1904—1989)

ii.Joan Miro (1893—1983)

g.Abstract Expressionism

Jackson Pollock (1912—1956)

2.Sculpture

a.Henry Moore (1898—1986)

b.Constantine Brancusi (1876—1957)

3.Music

a.Arnold Schoenberg (1874—1951)

b.Igor Stravinsky ( 1882—1971)

c.Bela Bartok (1881—1945)

d.Dmitry Shostakovich (1906—1973)

Questions for Revision

Select Bibliography. 参考书目

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