Part One

1 IMAGES AND DIGITAL PROCESSING

1.1 Introduction

1.2 The Elements of Digital Image Processing

1.3 Philosophical Considerations

1.4 Digital Image Processing in Practice

Problems

References

2 DIGITIZING IMAGES

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Characteristics of an Image Digitizer

2.3 Types of Image Digitizers

2.4 Image-Digitizing Components

2.5 Electronic Image Tube Cameras

2.6 Solid-State Cameras

2.7 Film Scanning

2.8 Summary of Important Points

Problems

Projects

References

3 DIGITAL IMAGE DISPLAY

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Display Characteristics

3.3 Volatile Displays

3.4 Permanent Displays

3.5 Summart of Important Points

Problems

Projects

References

4 IMAGE-PROCESSING SOFTWARE

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Image-Processing Systems

4.3 The User Interface

4.4 The Software Development Process

4.5 Summary of Important Points

Problems

Projects

References

5 THE GRAY-LEVEL HISTOGRAM

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Uses of the Histogram

5.3 Relationship Between Histogram and Image

5.4 Summary of Important Points

Problems

Projects

References

6 POINT OPERATIONS

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Point Operations and the Histogram

6.3 Applications of Point Operations

6.4 Summary of Important Points

Problems

Projects

7 ALGEBRAIC OPERATIONS

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Algebraic Operations and the Histogram

7.3 Applications of Algebraic Operations

7.4 Summary of Important Points

Problems

Projects

8 GEOMETRIC OPERATIONS

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Gray-Level Interpolation

8.3 The Spatial Transformation

8.4 Applications of Geometric Operations

8.5 Summary of Important Points

Problems

Projects

References

Part Two

9 LINEAR SYSTEM THEORY

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Harmonic Signals and Complex Signal Analysis

9.3 The Convolution Operation

9.4 Some Useful Functions

9.5 Convolution Filtering

9.6 Conclusion

9.7 Summary of Important Points

Problems

Projects

References

10 THE FOURIER TRANSFORM

10.1Introduction

10.2Properties of the Fourier Transform

10.3Linear Systems and the Fourier Transform

10.4The Fourier Transform in Two Dimensions

10.5Correlation and the Power Spectrum

10.6Summary of Fourier Transform Properties

10.7Summary of Important Points

Problems

Projects

References

11 FILTER DESIGN

11.1Introduction

11.2Lowpass Filters

11.3Bandpass and Bandstop Filters

11.4High-Frequency Enhancement Filters

11.5Optimal Linear Filter Design

11.6 Order Statistic Filters

11.7Summary of Important Points

Problems

Projects

References

12 PROCESSING SAMPLED DATA

12.1Introduction

12.2Sampling and Interpolation

12.3Computing Spectra

12.4Aliasing

12.5Truncation

12.6Digital Processing

12.7Controlling Aliasing Error

12.8Digitally Implemented Linear Filtering

12.9Summary of Important Points

Problems

Projects

References

13 DISCRETE IMAGE TRANSFORMS

13.1Introduction

13.2Linear Transformations

13.3Basis Functions and Basis Images

13.4Sinusoidal Transforms

13.5Rectangular Wave Transforms

13.6Eigenvector-Based Transforms

13.7Transform Domain Filtering

13.8Summary of Important Points

Problems

Projects

References

14 WAVELET TRANSFORMS

14.1Introduction

14.2The Continuous Wavelet Transform

14.3The Wavelet Series Expansion

14.4The Discrete Wavelet Transform

14.5Wavelet Selection

14.6Applications

14.7Summary of Important Points

Problems

Projects

References

15 OPTICS AND SYSTEM ANALYSIS

15.1Introduction

15.2Optics and Imaging Systems

15.3Diffraction-Limited Optical Systems

15.4Imaging System Aberrations

15.5Imaging System Resolution

15.6 The Analysis of Complete Systems

15.7Examples

15.8Summary of Important Points

Problems

Projects

References

Part Three

16 IMAGE RESTORATION

16.1Introduction

16.2Classical Restoration Filters

16.3Linear Algebraic Restoration

16.4Restoration of Less Restricted Degradations

16.5Superresolution

16.6System Identification

16.7Noise Modeling

16.8Implementation

16.9Summary of Important Points

Problems

Projects

References

17 IMAGE COMPRESSION

17.1Introduction

17.2Lossless Compression Techniques

17.3Lossy Image Coding

17.4Transform Image Coding

17.5Image Compression Standards

17.6Summary of Important Points

Problems

Projects

References

18 PATTERN RECOGNITION：IMAGE SEGMENTATION

18.1 Introduction

18.2 The Image Segmentation Process

18.3 Image Segmentation by Thresholding

18.4 Gradient-Based Segmentation Methods

18.5 Edge Detection and Linking

18.6 Region Growing

18.7 Binary Image Processing

18.8 Segmented Image Structure

18.9 Summary of Important Points

Problems

Projects

References

19 PATTERN RECOGNITION：OBJECT MEASUREMENT

19.1 Introduction

19.2 Size Measurements

19.3 Shape Analysis

19.4 Texture Analysis

19.5 Curve and Surface Fitting

19.6 Summary of Important Points

Problems

Projects

References

20 PATTERN RECOGNITION：CLASSIFICATION AND ESTIMATION

20.1Introduction

20.2Classification

20.3Feature Selection

20.4Statistical Classification

20.5Neural Networks

20.6Proportion Estimation

20.7Summary of Important Points

Problems

Projects

References

21 COLOR AND MULTISPECTRAL IMAGE PROCESSING

21.1Introduction

21.2Multispectral Image Analysis

21.3Color Image Processing

21.4Summary of Important Points

Problems

Projects

References

22 THREE-DIMENSIONAL IMAGE PROCESSING

22.1Introduction

22.2Three-Dimensional Imaging

22.3Computerized Axial Tomography

22.4Stereometry

22.5Stereoscopic Image Display

22.6 Shaded Surface Display

22.7Summary of Important Points

Problems

Projects

References

A1 GLOSSARY OF IMAGE PROCESSING TERMS

A2 BIBLIOGRAPHY

A2.1 Books

A2.2 Research Papers

A3 MATHEMATICAL BACKGROUND

A3.1 Linear Algebra

A3.2 Set Theory

INDEX