Chapter 1 Introduction：Language and Linguistics

1.1 What Is Linguistics?

1.2 Is Linguistics a Science?

1.3 Branches of Linguistics

1.4 Linguistic Theories：Past and Present

Chapter 2 A Brief History of Linguistics：An Overview

2.0 Introduction

2.1 Linguistics in Ancient Times

2.1.1 Indian Linguistics

2.1.2 Chinese Linguistics

2.1.3 Greek Linguistics

2.1.4 Roman Linguistics

2.2 Linguistics in the Middle Ages

2.2.1 Aelfric's Latin Grammar and Colloquium

2.2.2 Alexander of Villedieu's Doctrinale

2.2.3 The First Grammatical Treatise

2.2.4 Scholasticism and Speculative Grammars

2.2.5 Logicalisation of Grammar

2.2.6 Petrus Hispanus and the Summulae logicales

2.3 Linguistics in the Renaissance

2.3.1 Hebrew and Arabic

2.3.2 European Languages

2.3.3 The Port-Royal Grammarians

2.3.4 Empiricism and the Reworking of English Grammars

2.4 Linguistics in the 18th Century

2.4.1 The Discovery of Sanskrit

2.4.2 Philosophical and Linguistic Inquiries

2.5 Conclusion

Chapter 3 The 19th-century Historical and Comparative Linguistics

3.0 Introduction

3.1 Early Efforts in Historical Linguistics

3.2 Rask,Grimm,and Verner

3.3 Humboldt and Schleicher

3.4 Neogrammarians

3.5 Sanskrit and Historical Linguistics

3.6 Conclusion

Chapter 4 The Beginning of Modern Linguistics

4.0 Introduction

4.1 Saussure the Man

4.2 Historical Background

4.2.1 Linguistics

4.2.2 Sociology

4.2.3 Psychology

4.3 The Making of the Course

4.4 Saussure and Comparative Linguistics

4.5 Saussure's Theory of Language

4.5.1 The Arbitrary Nature of the Sign

4.5.2 The Linear Nature of the Signifier

4.5.3 The Immutable Nature of the Signifier

4.5.4 The Nature of Linguistic Units

4.5.5 Langue and Parole

4.5.6 Synchrony and Diachrony

4.6 Saussure's Legacy：Semiology

4.7 Conclusion

Chapter 5 American Descriptive and Structuralist Linguistics

5.0 Introduction

5.1 The Founding Stage

5.1.1 Franz Boas

5.1.2 Edward Satpir

5.1.3 The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis

5.2 The Bloomfieldian Age

5.2.1 Bloomfield the Man

5.2.2 Bloomfield and Behaviourism

5.2.3 Bloomfield and his Language

5.2.4 Structuralism and Language Teaching

5.3 The Post-Bloomfieldian Period

5.3.1 Zellig Harris

5.3.2 Charles Hockett

5.3.3 Kenneth Pike

5.4 A Comparison between Traditional and Structural Grammars

5.5 Conclusion

Chapter 6 Chomsky and Transformational-Generative Grammar

6.0 Introduction

6.1 Chomsky the Man

6.2 Chomsky's Philosophy of Language

6.2.1 Background

6.2.2 What Is Language?

6.2.3 The Innateness Hypothesis

6.2.4 Universal Grammar and Particular Grammar

6.2.5 What Is a Generative Grammar?

6.3 The Classical Theory

6.4 The Standard Theory

6.5 The Extended Standard Theory

6.6 Government and Binding Theory

6.7 The Minimalist Program and Inquiries

6.8 A Comparison between TG Grammar and Structural Grammar

6.9 Conclusion

Chapter 7 Early Functionalist Linguistics Theories

7.0 Introduction

7.1 The Prague School

7.1.1 Historical Background

7.1.2 Theories of Language

7.1.3 Phonology and Phonological Opposition

7.1.4 Distinctive Features

7.1.5 Functional Sentence Perspective(FSP)

7.2 The Copenhagen School—

7.3 The London School

7.3.1 B.Malinowski

7.3.2 J.R.Firth

7.4 Conclusion

Chapter 8 Halliday and Systemic-Functional Grammar

8.0 Introduction

8.1 Halliday the Man

8.2 Halliday's Philosophy of Language

8.3 Systemic Grammar

8.3.1 Entry Conditions

8.3.2 Scale of Delicacy

8.3.3 Meaning Potential and Realisation

8.4 Functional Grammar

8.4.1 The Ideational Function

8.4.2 The Interpersonal Function

8.4.3 The Textual Function

8.5 Halliday and Sociolinguistics

8.5.1 Language and Social Man

8.5.2 Field

8.5.3 Tenor

8.5.4 Mode

8.5.5 Register and Genre

8.6 Theoretical Issues

8.7 Conclusion

Chapter 9 Linguistic Theories in the Latter Half of the 20th Century

9.0 Introduction

9.1 Stratificational Grammar

9.2 Case Grammar

9.3 Generative Semantics

9.4 Relational Grammar

9.5 Montague Grammar

9.6 Conclusion

Chapter 10 Modern Chinese Linguistics

10.0 Introduction

10.1 The Beginning Stage

10.1.1 The Pioneer：Ma Jianzhong

10.1.2 Classical Chinese Grammars

10.1.3 Vernacular Chinese Grammars

10.2 The Stage of Innovation

10.2.1 Pioneers：Wang Li,Chen Wangdao and Fang Guangtao

10.2.2 Wang Li：Modern Chinese Grammar

10.2.3 Lü Shuxiang：Aspects of Chinese Grammar

10.2.4 Gao Mingkai and his On Chinese Grammar

10.2.5 Structuralist Chinese Grammars

10.3 The Stage of Prosperity

10.3.1 Grammar and Language Learning

10.3.2 School Grammars

10.4 The Stage of Full Development

10.4.1 LüShuxiang：Problems of Grammatical Analysis in Chinese

10.4.2 Zhu Dexi and Modern Chinese Grammar

10.4.3 The Three-Level Analysis

10.4.4 The Linguistic Association of China

10.4.5 Further Systematic Studies

10.5 Chinese Linguistics Overseas

10.5.1 Structuralist Chinese Linguistics

10.5.2 Transformational-Generative Chinese Linguistics

10.5.3 Functionalist Chinese Linguistics

10.5.4 The International Association of Chinese Linguistics

10.6 Conclusion

Bibliography

Index

后记